中国与澳大利亚谨慎改善双边关系After Years of Acrimony, China and Australia Cautiously Reach Out储百亮2022年6月27日 在戒备森严的中国驻悉尼总领事馆飘扬的中国国旗。MATTHEW ABBOTT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMESSYDNEY, Australia — Four years after Australia’s ties with China entered a downward spiral, with Australia emerging as an energetic counterweight to Beijing’s growing might, the two countries have begun to explore whether they can patch things up. 澳大利亚悉尼——四年来，澳大利亚与中国的关系进入螺旋式下降，面对后者日益增长的实力，前者成为了有力的制衡力量，如今两国开始探索修补关系的可能性。 Since Australia’s new, center-left government came to power last month, leaders in both countries have signaled that they want to ease the tensions of recent years. Their disputes over technology, trade barriers, accusations of illicit Chinese influence in Australian politics, and each country’s military plans, have sometimes erupted in vitriol. 自从澳大利亚的新一届中间偏左政府上个月上台以来，两国领导人已发出信号，表示希望缓解近年来的紧张关系。在技术、贸易壁垒、澳大利亚指控中国非法影响澳洲国内政治以及两国军事计划等问题上，两国的争端有时会爆发为尖刻的批评。 China’s ambassador to Australia, Xiao Qian, said on Friday that the change of leadership in Canberra was an “opportunity of possible improvement of our bilateral relations.” 中国驻澳大利亚大使肖千上周五表示，澳大利亚领导人换届是“改善双边关系的一个可能机会”。 “There is every reason for China and Australia to be friends and partners, rather than adversaries,” Mr. Xiao said in a speech at the University of Technology Sydney. He was interrupted several times by protesters calling for China to end its repression in Tibet, Xinjiang and Hong Kong. “This man should be a pariah,” one shouted. “中国和澳大利亚完全有理由成为朋友和伙伴，而不是对手，”肖千在悉尼科技大学的一场演讲中说。他的演讲多次被打断，抗议者要求中国结束对西藏、新疆和香港的镇压。“这个人应该被唾弃，”一名抗议者喊道。 中国驻澳大利亚大使肖千上周五在悉尼发表演讲时，站在讲台上看着一名抗议者被保安人员带离现场。 MARK BAKER/ASSOCIATED PRESSLater, Mr. Xiao said: “The atmosphere in both countries needs be to improved, that’s a fact.” 肖千后来说：“两国的气氛都需要改善，这是事实。” Mr. Xiao has used speeches, newspaper commentaries, and private meetings to make overtures that Beijing wants better relations. China’s premier, Li Keqiang, sent a congratulatory message to Australia’s new prime minister, Anthony Albanese, after his May election victory, and called for “sound and stable” ties. The Chinese and Australian defense ministers held talks this month at a security forum in Singapore, ending a freeze on ministerial-level meetings since early 2020. 通过演讲、在报纸发文以及私下会晤，肖千做出了中国政府希望改善两国关系的友好表示。中国总理李克强曾在澳大利亚新总理安东尼·阿尔巴内塞在今年5月的选举中获胜后，向他发出贺电，并呼吁建立“健康稳定”的关系。两国的国防部长本月在新加坡的一个安全论坛上举行了会晤，结束了自2020年初以来两国部长级对话的冻结局面。 Mr. Albanese has said that he wants to restore high-level dialogue with China, his country’s largest trading partner. But he has said that Beijing must lift trade sanctions on Australia for ties to improve, and has indicated that he would maintain the generally harder line on China that took shape under his conservative predecessors. “Already there have been some improvements,” Mr. Albanese said recently of ties with China. “But there’s a long way to go.” 阿尔巴内塞表示，他希望恢复与中国的高层对话，中国是澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴。但他也表示，中国政府必须解除对澳大利亚的贸易制裁，才能改善两国关系。他还表明了他将坚持前几届保守派政府对中国普遍采取的更强硬立场。阿尔巴内塞最近提到与中国的关系时说，“已经有了一些改善，但还有很长的路要走。” 2021年，澳大利亚前总理莫里森在堪培拉听英国首相约翰逊发表讲话，他们正在与美国总统拜登举行联合在线新闻发布会。 MICK TSIKAS/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCKThe Biden administration and governments around Asia are likely to watch closely for concrete signs of rapprochement. The previous prime minister of Australia, Scott Morrison, strengthened Canberra’s ties with Washington and cast himself as showing the way in standing up to China. Last year, Mr. Morrison signed a defense technology agreement with the United States and Britain that could give Australia nuclear-powered submarines. 拜登政府和亚洲各国政府可能会密切关注中澳恢复友好关系的具体迹象。澳大利亚前总理斯科特·莫里森加强了堪培拉与华盛顿的关系，并称自己为对抗中国做出了表率。去年，莫里森与美英签署了一项国防技术协议，将为澳大利亚提供核动力潜艇。 Mr. Albanese and his ministers have said they would keep that agreement and continue pressing China over its military buildup and activities in the South Pacific. They have said they would assert Australia’s right to send navy ships through the South China Sea, where China claims many islands also claimed by Southeast Asian countries. 阿尔巴内塞和他的部长们已表示，他们将保留该协议，并继续就中国在南太平洋的军事建设和军事活动向其施压。他们说，他们将维护澳大利亚派海军舰艇在南中国海航行的权利。中国宣称对南中国海的许多岛屿拥有主权，一些东南亚国家也对这些岛屿提出了主权要求。 Since May, Australia’s foreign minister, Penny Wong, has visited four Pacific island countries to make the case that Australia — implicitly not China — should be their “partner of choice.” 自今年5月以来，澳大利亚外交部长黄英贤已访问了四个太平洋岛国，表示澳大利亚应该是他们“选择的伙伴”，言外之意是他们不应该选择中国。 本月早些时候，澳大利亚国防部长理查德·马尔斯与中国国防部长魏凤和在新加坡会晤。这是两国自2020年初以来举行的首次部长级会晤。 AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE, VIA AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES“Ultimately, to stabilize bilateral relations, China would have to be prepared to tolerate a large degree of continuity in Australia’s suite of China-related policies,” said Richard Maude, a former Australian foreign policy official who is now a senior fellow at the Asia Society Policy Institute. “最终，为稳定双边关系，中国需要做出准备，容忍澳大利亚在很大程度上保持其中国相关政策的连续性，”曾任澳大利亚外交政策官员、现为亚洲协会政策研究所高级研究员的理查德·莫德说。 But Australia’s leaders say that even so, the tone of relations could improve. After meeting his Chinese counterpart, the Australian defense minister, Richard Marles, said “this is only a first step.” 但澳大利亚的领导人说，尽管如此，仍有可能改善两国关系的基调。澳大利亚国防部长理查德·马尔斯与他的中国同行会晤后表示，“这只是第一步。” “Both sides are likely to proceed cautiously,” Mr. Maude wrote in emailed comments. “Even a less hostile relationship will be inherently volatile and hostage to any number of fundamental differences and disputes.” “双方很可能都将谨慎行事，”莫德在电子邮件中评论道。“即使是不那么敌对的关系，也将有内在的不稳定性，并受制于任何根本性的分歧和争端。” 澳大利亚外交部长黄佩妮6月17日在所罗门群岛首都霍尼亚拉的郊区伯恩斯溪对当地居民发表讲话。 DION ISAACSON/AUSTRALIA’S DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE, VIA AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGESFew observers expect relations to return to where they were in 2014, when China’s leader, Xi Jinping, visited Australia and together with the then Australian prime minister, Tony Abbott, declared the completion of a free trade pact. 几乎没有观察人士指望两国关系会恢复到中国领导人习近平2014年访问澳大利亚时的那样，那年，习近平与时任澳大利亚总理的托尼·阿博特宣布达成自由贸易协议。 Back then, optimism about relations was buoyed by China’s growing appetite for Australian resources, especially iron ore and coal, as well as wine, wheat and other farm goods. Chinese officials and media appeared confident that Australia’s economic dependence on their country would keep tensions in check. 那时，中国对澳大利亚资源（尤其是铁矿石和煤炭，以及葡萄酒、小麦和其他农产品）的需求不断增长，鼓舞了对两国关系的乐观看法。中国官员和媒体似乎充满信心地认为，澳大利亚对中国经济上的依赖会防止两国关系向紧张方向发展。 But Australian leaders became increasingly wary of China’s influence and its intentions. China’s military dominance in the South China Sea alarmed Canberra and other capitals. In 2018, Australia introduced laws — implicitly aimed at the Chinese Communist Party — banning covert political activities on behalf of a foreign government. Australia became the first Western government to block Huawei and other Chinese telecommunications equipment companies from helping to build its 5G network. 但澳大利亚领导人对中国的影响力和意图越来越警惕。中国在南中国海的军事主导地位给澳大利亚和其他国家敲响了警钟。2018年，澳大利亚通过了法律，禁止外国政府代理（暗指中共）在该国进行秘密政治活动。澳大利亚成为第一个禁止华为和其他中国电信设备公司帮助建设5G网络的西方政府。 Relations have chilled even more in recent years. Mr. Morrison called for international investigators — with wide powers like “weapons inspectors” have — to look into the origin of the coronavirus, which first spread in the central Chinese city of Wuhan. That proposal incensed Beijing. The Australian defense minister, Peter Dutton, suggested that China was behaving abroad like Nazi Germany in the 1930s. 两国关系近年来进一步冷淡。莫里森曾呼吁由国际调查人员对新型冠状病毒进行溯源调查，并赋予他们“武器核查人员”那样的广泛权力。新冠病毒疫情最初在中国中部城市武汉暴发，莫里森的提议激怒了中国政府。澳大利亚国防部长彼得·达顿曾暗示，中国在海外的做法与纳粹德国20世纪30年代的类似。 中国国家主席习近平2014年在堪培拉向澳大利亚议会发表演讲。 RICK RYCROFT/ASSOCIATED PRESSChinese officials have denounced Australia’s plans to acquire the nuclear-propelled submarines. Since 2020, Beijing has imposed punishing tariffs and informal embargoes on Australian products worth about $16 billion, though it has spared Australia’s exports of iron ore, essential to China’s industry. 中国官员谴责了澳大利亚获得核动力潜艇的计划。自2020年起，中国政府对价值约160亿美元的澳大利亚产品征收了惩罚性关税，或下了非正式的进口禁令，但一直没有对澳大利亚的铁矿石出口下手，铁矿石对中国的工业至关重要。 China’s economic retaliation appeared to only deepen Australian public and official wariness of the Chinese government. 中国的经济报复似乎只是加深了澳大利亚公众和官员对中国政府的警惕。 “Despite the pressure they have put on Australia, China didn’t achieve what they set out to,” Yun Jiang, a fellow at the Australian Institute of International Affairs who studies China, said in an interview. “They probably wanted to change tack a bit, and the election was good timing for them to do that.” “尽管向澳大利亚施加了这些压力，但中国并没有达到他们希望达到的目标，”澳大利亚国际事务研究所中国问题研究员姜云在接受采访时说。“他们可能想稍微改变一下策略，而政府换届给了他们这么做的好时机。” Beijing may press Australia to open the door to China joining a new regional trade pact, and to ease anti-dumping investigations and regulatory barriers to business acquisitions, said Benjamin Herscovitch, a research fellow at the Australian National University who writes a newsletter on Chinese-Australian relations. 澳大利亚国立大学研究员本杰明·赫斯科维奇说，中国政府可能会向澳大利亚施压，让其为中国加入新的区域贸易协定创造机会，放松反倾销调查，降低企业收购的监管壁垒。赫斯科维奇撰写一份关于中澳关系的通讯。 英国核动力潜艇“机敏号”停靠在澳大利亚珀斯的海军基地，摄于2021年。澳大利亚正在致力于尽快建造并投入使用本国的核动力潜艇。 RICHARD WAINWRIGHT/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCKCanberra also faces pressure to secure the release of Australians detained in China. They include Yang Hengjun, a writer and businessman who was put on trial last year for espionage, a charge he has denied, as well as Cheng Lei, a journalist detained in Beijing, where she worked for CGTN, China’s state-run international broadcaster. 澳大利亚政府也在争取让被中国扣留的澳大利亚人获释上面临国内压力。这些人包括作家兼商人杨恒均和被北京拘押的记者成蕾。中国去年以间谍罪起诉了杨恒均，他否认了这一指控。成蕾曾为中国官方的国际广播公司中国环球电视网工作。 Ms. Cheng, whose two children are in Australia, stood trial in March, accused of passing state secrets abroad. The court has not announced a judgment. On Friday, Mr. Xiao, the ambassador, said Mr. Yang and Ms. Cheng had been given their lawful rights. 成蕾的两个孩子目前住在澳大利亚，她被控向境外非法提供国家机密，法庭已于今年3月对她的案件进行了闭门审理，尚未宣布判决。肖千上周五说，杨恒均和成蕾的合法权利得到了保证。 “Trade and a range of other things are going to take time to work through,” Nick Coyle, an Australian businessman who is Ms. Cheng’s partner, said in an interview. “But dealing with her case expeditiously and compassionately, and getting her home to her kids and family, would be a good sign.” “贸易和其他一系列问题的解决需要时间，”澳大利亚商人尼克·科伊尔在接受采访时说，他是成蕾的配偶。“但如果能迅速、富有同情心地处理她的案子，让她回到孩子和家人身边，那将是一个好兆头。” On Friday, Mr. Xiao, the Chinese ambassador who took up his post this year, denied that a list of 14 grievances that a Chinese diplomat shared with Australian media in 2020 set preconditions for restoring normal ties. The grievances included the ban on Huawei, security raids on Chinese journalists, and “antagonistic” media reporting on China. Australia’s former prime minister, Mr. Morrison, had said the list showed “how Australia was being coerced by China,” and created a barrier to improved ties. 一名中国外交官在2020年与澳大利亚媒体分享了14项对澳大利亚不满的清单，今年上任的中国大使肖千否认这些清单为恢复正常关系设置了先决条件，其中包括对华为的禁令，对中国记者的安全突袭，以及澳洲媒体对中国的“敌对”报道。澳大利亚前总理莫里森曾表示，这份清单显示了“中国如何对澳大利亚进行胁迫”，为改善关系制造障碍。 “I don’t have a list; I have never seen a list of 14 points,” Mr. Xiao said. “The concerns have been reported in a twisted way as the so-called preconditions, as demands. This is not true.” “我没有清单，我从没见过一个14点的清单，”肖千说。“这些关切被歪曲报道为所谓的‘先决条件’和要求，事实并非如此。” 储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者。他成长于澳大利亚悉尼，在过去30年中的大部分时间内居住在中国。在2012年加入《纽约时报》之前，他是路透社的一名记者。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@ChuBailiang。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。 相关报道中国军机与澳加军机多次发生摩擦2022年6月10日 当中国成为澳洲大选中的竞选武器2022年3月11日 澳大利亚强硬对抗中国的代价2021年9月28日 为何澳洲押注与美国共命运对抗中国2021年9月17日 最受欢迎北约峰会将公布新“战略概念”，中国被列为“挑战” 为什么说我们这样的小国转向中国情有可原 美国最高法院正在失去其正当性 中国回应G7基建计划，驳斥“债务陷阱”批评 疫情中的“野泳”：在高度管控的北京寻找一片绿洲 推翻罗诉韦德案后，美国最高法院还会向右走多远 一场以习近平为主角的中国领导人接班大戏 亚裔人人自危的年代，我们在纽约相爱 中国与澳大利亚谨慎改善双边关系 那些我们没有教给男孩的事 国际 中国 商业与经济 镜头 科技 科学 健康 教育 文化 风尚 旅游 房地产 观点与评论 免费下载 纽约时报中文网 iOS 和 Android App 点击下载iOS App点击下载Android App点击下载Android APK © 2022 The New York Times Company.