习近平五年前访港已为香港未来定下基调On his last visit, Xi warned Hong Kong against testing China.王霜舟2022年7月1日 2017年，香港行政长官林郑月娥在中国国家主席习近平面前宣誓就职。 BOBBY YIP/REUTERSFive years ago, when Xi Jinping, China’s leader, swore Carrie Lam in as Hong Kong’s chief executive, the city had yet to be upended by the huge protests of 2019 or the tough security clampdown that followed. But Mr. Xi’s visit during the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China lay the groundwork for much of what was to come. 五年前，当中国领导人习近平主持香港最高行政长官林郑月娥的宣誓就职仪式时，这座城市还没有因为2019年的大规模抗议活动或随后的严厉安全镇压而被颠覆。但习近平在香港回归中国20周年之际的那次访问为后来的许多事情奠定了基础。 Mr. Xi’s message was blunt: He visited the People’s Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong and inspected the troops while standing in the back of an open-topped jeep, a rare display of the normally low-profile Chinese military presence in the city. China’s first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, also visited the city during that anniversary, highlighting the growing strength of the country’s armed forces. It now has two more carriers, the newest having been launched two weeks ago. 习近平的信息直截了当：他视察了中国人民解放军驻港部队，并站在一辆敞篷吉普车的后座上视察了部队，这是中国军队在香港的罕见展示，它们通常较为低调。中国第一艘航空母舰辽宁舰也在那个周年纪念日访问了这座城市，彰显了该国武装力量不断增强的实力。中国现在多出了两艘航母，最新一艘在两周前下水。 At Mrs. Lam’s swearing in, Mr. Xi delivered a tough speech that warned against challenging China’s sovereignty over Hong Kong. Mr. Xi said that any attempt to “use Hong Kong to carry out infiltration and sabotage against the mainland is an act that crosses the red line and is absolutely impermissible.” 在林郑月娥宣誓就职时，习近平发表了强硬讲话，警告不要挑战中国对香港的主权。习近平表示，任何企图“利用香港对内地进行渗透破坏的活动，都是对底线的触碰，都是绝不能允许的”。 Shortly after Mr. Xi delivered those stern remarks, tens of thousands of Hong Kongers marched in the streets, where many called for expanded direct elections. Some raised the case of Liu Xiaobo, the Nobel Peace Prize winner imprisoned in China, who had at the time recently been hospitalized for cancer treatment. He would die in custody two weeks later. 习近平发表这些严厉言论后不久，数以万计的香港人走上街头游行，许多人呼吁扩大直选。一些人提到了被关押在中国的诺贝尔和平奖获得者刘晓波，在那不久前，他因癌症住院治疗。两周后，他在狱中死去。 While some protesters dismissed Mr. Xi’s warning, others said at the time that they were concerned about the future and the potential loss of rights they long enjoyed. 虽然一些抗议者对习近平的警告置之不理，但也有一些人在当时表示，他们对未来以及可能丧失长期以来享有的权利感到担忧。 “Hong Kong originally had freedom of speech,” Shandi Leung said as she stood alongside the slow procession of protesters. “But in the future, under the influence of the Chinese government, it won’t be so easy to speak out.” “香港本来是有言论自由的，”站在缓慢行进的抗议者队伍旁的梁珊迪（音）说。“但在未来，在中国政府的影响下，畅所欲言就不是那么容易了。” Years later the weight of Mr. Xi’s warning can be clearly felt. After antigovernment protests convulsed the city over the second half of 2019, Beijing enacted a tough security law that has throttled political opposition in the city. The Chinese authorities were particularly incensed by protesters who called for Hong Kong’s independence or attacked symbols of the central government’s sovereignty, which Mr. Xi had warned against. 数年后，人们可以清楚地感受到习近平的警告的分量。在2019年下半年反政府抗议活动席卷香港后，北京颁布了严厉的安全法，遏制了香港的政治反对派。要求香港独立或攻击中央政府主权象征的抗议者尤其令中国当局恼火，而习近平曾对此发出过警告。 王霜舟(Austin Ramzy)是《纽约时报》驻香港记者，专注本地新闻，也报道区域性和突发新闻。他此前驻台湾和北京，曾对亚洲重大事件作出报道。欢迎在Twitter上关注他： @austinramzy。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。 相关报道习近平为何决心“全面管治”香港2021年6月28日 无视外界反对，北京实施新国安法2020年7月1日 押注新国安法，习近平欲“驯服”香港2020年5月25日 最受欢迎北约勾勒强硬战略愿景，首次宣布中国为“战略挑战” 无力感、脆弱和创伤：封锁给上海民众留下的心理伤痕 在美国，台湾炸鸡正当红 美国指控五家中国公司违反制裁、支持俄罗斯军队 一场以习近平为主角的中国领导人接班大戏 特朗普“邪教”的崩塌时刻 TikTok上的养生伪科学与“谣言粉碎机” 国会暴乱当天特朗普专车内发生了什么？爆料细节引发争论 摔盘子，抢方向盘：前助手曝光特朗普任内“最后的疯狂” 对俄罗斯石油限价，拜登和西方的一次冒险 国际 中国 商业与经济 镜头 科技 科学 健康 教育 文化 风尚 旅游 房地产 观点与评论 免费下载 纽约时报中文网 iOS 和 Android App 点击下载iOS App点击下载Android App点击下载Android APK © 2022 The New York Times Company.