阿里巴巴将分拆为六个业务集团，均可独立融资上市Alibaba, China’s E-Commerce Giant, Will Split Into 6 UnitsDAISUKE WAKABAYASHI2023年3月29日 在创始人马云阔别一年后返回中国大陆的第二天，阿里巴巴宣布进行重组。 MARK SCHIEFELBEIN/ASSOCIATED PRESSChina’s Alibaba Group said on Tuesday that it would become a holding company with six different business groups, in a major reshuffle that signaled the potential breakup of the country’s biggest e-commerce firm. 中国的阿里巴巴集团周二宣布，它将成为一家拥有六个不同业务集团的控股公司。这次重大重组预示着中国最大的电子商务公司有解体的可能性。 Alibaba described the restructuring as the “most significant” organizational overhaul in its 24-year history. It said each unit would have its own chief executive and board of directors to allow for quicker decision-making. 阿里巴巴称此次重组是其24年历史上“最重要的一次组织变革”。它表示，重组后的每个部门都将有自己的首席执行官和董事会，以便更快地做出决策。 The units will be allowed to seek outside capital with an eye toward eventual initial public offerings. Only its China e-commerce unit, Taobao Tmall Commerce Group, will remain a wholly owned Alibaba entity. 这些由阿里巴巴控股的企业集团将被允许寻找外部资本，以期最终实现上市。只有其中国电子商务部门——淘宝天猫商业集团将继续由阿里巴巴全资拥有。 Alibaba’s U.S.-listed shares rose more than 14 percent on Tuesday. 阿里巴巴在美国上市的股票周二上涨了逾14%。 The experience of Alibaba, an internet conglomerate with a variety of businesses that include online shopping and cloud computing, has become a cautionary tale for the cost of challenging China’s ruling Communist Party and the extent of Beijing’s campaign to curb the power of its technology giants. 阿里巴巴拥有在线购物和云计算等多项业务，这家互联网集团的经历已成为挑战中国执政的共产党会付出什么代价的警示故事，从中也可以看到中国政府遏制国内科技巨头影响力运动的力度之大。 Alibaba’s decision to potentially break up the company into several entities may also ease the government’s concerns about the concentration of power and influence among the country’s web giants. 阿里巴巴可能将公司拆分为几个实体的决定也许会缓解政府对权力和影响力集中在国内网络巨头手中的担忧。 “Splitting the company into different parts appears compatible with the general desire to avoid antitrust scrutiny, which has been an issue not just for Alibaba but for other companies in China” in recent years, said Graham Webster, the editor in chief of the DigiChina Project at the Stanford University Cyber Policy Center. 斯坦福大学网络政策中心“数字中国项目”主编魏光明(Graham Webster)表示：“将公司拆分成不同的部分似乎符合避免反垄断审查这一普遍愿望，这不仅是阿里巴巴一直要面对的问题，也是中国其他公司的问题。” “I would be surprised if that’s not at least partially in their minds,” he said, adding that there may also be some “business logic” to the restructuring. Mr. Webster noted that splitting Alibaba into different lines of business could insulate the entire enterprise from future government crackdowns on specific sectors. 他说：“如果他们没有一点这样的想法，我会感到惊讶。”他还说，重组背后可能也有一些“商业逻辑”。魏光明指出，将阿里巴巴拆分为不同的业务线可以使整个企业免受政府未来对特定行业的打击。 For now, the government appears to be relaxing its regulatory stronghold on the technology sector after a tumultuous three years — a period marked by the disappearance of Alibaba’s billionaire founder, Jack Ma, from the public eye. He was driven underground after criticizing Chinese regulators in 2020 for stifling innovation at Ant Group, Alibaba’s financial technology sister company. 目前，政府似乎正在对科技行业松绑。政府的监管已让该行业度过了动荡的三年，其中一个标志是阿里巴巴的亿万富翁创始人马云从公众视野中消失。他曾在2020年批评中国监管机构扼杀阿里巴巴金融科技姊妹公司蚂蚁集团的创新，之后他被迫消声觅迹。 Once a gregarious and outspoken figure, a symbol of China’s ability to compete globally, Mr. Ma has maintained a low profile in recent years, choosing to spend most of his time abroad. The whereabouts of Mr. Ma, China’s most famous businessman, had become a source of intrigue. 马云曾是个爱交际且直言不讳的人，是中国全球竞争力的象征。但近年来他一直保持低调，选择把大部分时间花在国外。中国最著名的商人马云在哪里的问题曾一度引发人们的好奇心。 He resurfaced in mainland China this week after a prolonged absence. It is not clear how the timing of Mr. Ma’s return affected Alibaba’s announcement. He retired from the company in 2019 but remains one of its largest individual shareholders. 本周，销声匿迹了很长时间的马云在中国大陆再次露面。目前尚不清楚马云重现的时间对阿里巴巴的宣布有什么影响。虽然他已在2019年从公司退休，但仍是公司最大的个人股东之一。 After Mr. Ma’s remarks in 2020, Chinese officials suspended Ant Group’s plans for an initial public offering. Chinese regulators forced Ant to register as a financial holding company and to separate its payment app from its financial services. The public listing never took place. Subsequently, regulators fined Alibaba $2.8 billion for abusing its dominance. 马云在2020年发表了批评言论后，中国官员暂停了蚂蚁集团的首次公开募股计划。中国监管机构迫使蚂蚁金服注册为金融控股公司，并将其支付应用与其金融服务分开。蚂蚁集团至今仍未上市。那之后，监管机构对阿里巴巴开出182亿元的罚单，理由是公司滥用市场支配地位。 In January, Ant Group said Mr. Ma had planned to relinquish control of the company. Around the same time, the top Communist Party official at China’s central bank said the so-called rectification campaign into the biggest technology companies was “basically complete.” 今年1月，蚂蚁集团表示，马云已计划放弃对公司的控制股权。大约在同一时间，中国央行的最高中共官员宣布，针对大型科技公司的所谓整改运动“已基本完成”。 Mr. Ma’s disappearance illustrated how business interests had taken a back seat to the priorities of the state under Xi Jinping, China’s top leader, and how even its most powerful companies were not immune from scrutiny. But as China’s economy struggles to regain momentum after relaxing its restrictive "Zero Covid" policies, Beijing is trying to convince business leaders that it is focused on jump-starting the economy. 马云的销声匿迹显示，在中国最高领导人习近平的领导下，商业利益已不再是国家的优先事项，即使是最有权势的公司也不能免于遭受审查。但随着中国经济在政府放松了严格的“新冠清零”政策后努力恢复增长势头，政府正在试图说服商界领袖们相信，它的注意力正在转向经济增长的重启。 By allowing different businesses to spin off and possibly go public, Alibaba said, the move is “designed to unlock shareholder value.” The company’s stock is down roughly 70 percent since it became a target in the technology sector crackdown. 阿里巴巴称，将不同的业务分拆、让它们有可能独立上市的做法将“释放更大价值”。自从成为科技行业的打击目标以来，阿里巴巴的股票已下跌了约70%。 In a letter to employees, Daniel Zhang, Alibaba’s chief executive, said the holding company structure made sense for Alibaba because the natures of the six business groups were different, with various stages of development and disparate needs. Alibaba did not explain why Taobao Tmall, the China commerce business that accounts for the vast majority of its revenue, will remain wholly owned. 阿里巴巴首席执行官张勇在写给员工的信中表示，控股公司的管理模式对阿里巴巴来说是明智的，因为重组出来的六个业务集团的性质不同，发展阶段不同，需求也不同。阿里巴巴没有解释为什么占其收入绝大部分的电商业务淘宝天猫仍将由其全资拥有。 “If you do not embrace change, you will become rigid, and if you do not change yourself, you will be defeated by the times,” Mr. Zhang wrote. “不拥抱变化就会变得僵化，不改变自身就会被时代打败，”张勇写道。 In addition to being the head of the holding company, Mr. Zhang said, he will also serve as chief executive of the Cloud Intelligence Group, the company’s cloud computing and artificial intelligence division. 除了担任控股公司的负责人外，张勇说，他还将担任公司对云计算和人工智能部门重组后成立的阿里云智能集团的首席执行官。 The other business groups are Global Digital Commerce Group, its overseas e-commerce businesses; Local Services Group for its mapping and delivery services; Cainiao Smart Logistics, its logistics and supply chain management arm; and Digital Media and Entertainment Group. 其他部门重组后将成立从事国际数字商业的“外海数字商业集团”，提供地图和快递服务的“本地生活集团”，从事物流和供应链管理业务的“菜鸟集团”，以及经营数字媒体的“文娱集团”。 The move and the stated rationale behind it are similar to Google’s decision in 2015 to create a holding company under the Alphabet umbrella to allow its various business ventures to operate more independently. 阿里巴巴对重组及其背后理由的阐述类似于谷歌2015年作出成立Alphabet控股公司、让旗下的各种业务能更独立地运营的决定。 While China cracked down on its tech firms, other governments were also scrutinizing giants of the digital economy. In the United States, the federal government has sued Google and Meta, Facebook’s parent company, arguing that they have abused or maintained monopoly power. The European Union is preparing to carry out a sweeping antitrust law focused on American tech platforms. 在中国打击科技公司的同时，其他国家政府也在审查数字经济的巨头。在美国，联邦政府已起诉谷歌和Facebook的母公司Meta，称它们滥用或维护垄断实力。欧盟正准备实施一项针对美国科技平台的全面反垄断法。 James A. Lewis, a senior vice president at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said the effective breakup of Alibaba could influence efforts to check the power of tech giants in the United States and Europe. 战略与国际研究中心高级副主任詹姆斯·刘易斯表示，遏制美国和欧洲科技巨头实力的努力可能会受到阿里巴巴实际分拆的影响。 “One thing to ask is, What’s the precedent here for the U.S.?” he said. “There’s this regulatory interplay — what one party does affects the other two.” “要问的是，这件事对美国有何影响？”他说。“这种监管上的相互影响是存在的——一方的行为会影响另外两方。” David McCabe对本文有报道贡献。 Daisuke Wakabayashi是时报驻亚洲商业记者，常驻首尔。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@daiwaka。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。 相关报道马云“消失”为中国富豪带来的启示2021年4月22日 中国为何向马云“开战”？2020年12月28日 最受欢迎金刻羽：美国真的能理解中国吗？ 阿里巴巴将分拆为六个业务集团，均可独立融资上市 深陷债务泥潭的中国地方政府为何仍大兴基建？ 台湾前总统马英九历史性访问中国大陆 FTX创始人被控向中国官员行贿4000万美元 TikTok上什么最火？为周受资说话 中国副总理何立峰：主管经济的习近平忠诚追随者 从“中国制造”到“美国制造” 为什么“中国金融末日”没有成为现实 谎言、争吵和欺诈：乌克兰战争中不光彩的美国志愿者 国际 中国 商业与经济 镜头 科技 科学 健康 教育 文化 风尚 旅游 房地产 观点与评论 免费下载 纽约时报中文网 iOS 和 Android App 点击下载iOS App点击下载Android App点击下载Android APK © 2023 The New York Times Company.