澳洲反外国干预法第一案：华裔男子被控意图影响对华政策A Test Case for Australia’s Broad New Law Against Foreign MeddlingYAN ZHUANG2022年7月29日 2020年，杨怡生在澳大利亚墨尔本。 JAMES ROSS/AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATED PRESS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESSMELBOURNE, Australia — Australia, gripped by growing anxiety about China’s influence on its internal affairs, introduced sweeping legislation a few years ago to prevent foreign interference, but until now the laws have never been tested in court. 澳大利亚墨尔本——澳大利亚对中国影响其内政的担忧日益加剧，几年前出台了全面立法以防止外国干涉，但这些法律至今尚未用于法庭实践。 On Thursday, a judge ruled that the one man who has so far been charged under the new laws will stand trial. The evidence against him is largely circumstantial, and his case raises issues that some experts voiced concern about when the legislation was enacted in 2018. 周四，法官裁定，迄今为止受到新法律指控的唯一一名男子将接受审判。对他不利的主要是间接证据，他的案件引发的问题在2018年颁布该法律时已有专家表示过担忧。 The man, Di Sanh Duong, 67, was charged in 2020 with preparing for an act of foreign interference, an offense that carries a maximum sentence of 10 years. Australia’s federal police say earlier that year, Mr. Duong used a donation to cultivate a relationship with Alan Tudge, then a federal minister, so that he could approach Mr. Tudge in the future with the aim of influencing government policy to the advantage of the Chinese government. 2020年，现年67岁的男子杨怡生被指控准备实施外国干涉行为，该罪最高可判处10年监禁。澳大利亚联邦警方称，当年早些时候，杨怡生利用一笔捐款与时任联邦部长的艾伦·塔奇建立了关系，以便他未来可以接近后者，目的是影响政府政策，为中国政府谋取利益。 The donation of $26,000 ($37,450 AUD), raised by members of the Australian-Chinese community, was to a Melbourne hospital on behalf of a local Chinese association that Mr. Duong led. Mr. Duong invited Mr. Tudge to be present for the handing over of the check, the court heard during a four-day hearing to determine whether the case should go to trial. 澳大利亚华人社区成员筹集了2.6万美元（37450澳元），以杨怡生领导的当地华人协会的名义捐赠给墨尔本一家医院。为期四天的听证会旨在确定该案是否应开庭审理，法庭在听证会上了解到，杨怡生邀请塔奇出席了支票捐赠仪式。 广告 In court, Mr. Duong’s lawyer, Neil Clelland, said the donation was merely a way of combating anti-Chinese racism, which had spiked as a result of the pandemic. Mr. Duong, who was born in Vietnam and came to Australia as a refugee, is of Chinese heritage. 在法庭上，杨怡生的律师尼尔·克莱兰表示，这笔捐款只是打击因疫情而激增的反华种族主义的一种方式。杨怡生是出生于越南的华裔，以难民身份来到澳大利亚。 Sarah Kendall, a legal researcher at the University of Queensland who is an expert in the new foreign interference legislation, said the case “speaks to the breadth of the laws” and highlights how conduct that may be harmless in itself could be considered a crime if the police could prove that behind the conduct was the required intent to prepare for foreign interference. 昆士兰大学的法律研究员莎拉·肯德尔是研究这项新的反外国干涉法立法的专家，她说，此案“说明了法律的广度”，并凸显出如果警方能够证明某个行为背后是为外国干涉做准备的必要意图，这样的行为即使本身可能无害也会被视为犯罪。 The case, she added, also reflects “the fact that the offense has the capacity to criminalize people on the basis of their connections or associations.” 她还说，从此案还能看出，“这项法律有能力根据人们的关系或者联系来认定刑事犯罪。” Mr. Clelland argued that the case should be dismissed because the police lacked evidence that Mr. Duong was being instructed by or was reporting to the Chinese government; that he was planning to influence Mr. Tudge on a particular policy or issue; or that his actions were part of a plan by someone else to influence Mr. Tudge on a particular issue. 克莱兰辩称，该案应被驳回，因为警方缺乏证据证明以下几点：杨怡生是受中国政府指示或向中国政府汇报；他计划在特定政策或问题上影响塔奇；或者他的行为参与了其他人在特定问题上影响塔奇的计划。 “There needs to be evidence, not merely innuendo, supposition and conjecture about what might happen in the future,” he added. “需要有证据，而不仅仅是影射、假设和推测未来可能发生的事情，”他补充说。 But the judge agreed with the prosecution, which said that under the new legislation, the police did not need evidence that Mr. Duong was planning to commit a future act of interference for the case to proceed. Patrick Doyle, the lawyer for the prosecution, argued that it was enough that when Mr. Duong approached Mr. Tudge, he had in mind that a good relationship with the minister might lead to his becoming an advocate for policy issues related to China. 但法官同意检方的意见，检方称，根据这部新的法律，警方不需要证据证明杨怡生计划在未来实施干预行为就可以提起诉讼。检方律师帕特里克·多伊尔主张，当杨怡生与塔奇接触时，他想到的是与部长的良好关系可能会让他成为对华相关政策问题的倡导者，这就足够了。 He pointed to an intercepted phone call between Mr. Duong and associates in which Mr. Duong said Mr. Tudge could be a “patron or supporter for us” in the future and speak on issues “for us Chinese.” 他指出，在截获的杨怡生与同事的电话中，杨怡生说，塔奇将来可能成为“我们的赞助人或支持者”，并“为我们华人”的问题发言。 广告 This phone call should be viewed in light of several pieces of circumstantial evidence, Mr. Doyle said. He said that the prosecution would show that Mr. Duong was a leader or member of organizations and Chinese community associations overseen by the United Front Work Department, the Communist Party’s arm for dealing with overseas Chinese, which, he said, “seeks to nudge countries and their elites in more compliant directions.” 多伊尔说，应通过几个间接证据来看待这通电话。他说，检方将表明杨怡生是统战部领导的组织和华人社团的负责人或成员，统战部是中共与海外华人打交道的部门，他说，统战部“试图推动各国及其精英朝着更顺从的方向发展”。 Mr. Doyle also asserted that Mr. Duong had told associates that he met with Chinese government leaders when he traveled to China, and that he had once written to another politician to suggest that the country’s Liberal Party should support China’s Belt and Road project. 多伊尔还声称，杨怡生告诉同事，他在访问中国时与中国政府领导人有过会面，并且他曾写信给另一位政界人士，建议澳大利亚自由党应该支持中国的“一带一路”项目。 Mr. Clelland, the lawyer defending Mr. Duong, said the unusual aspect of the new legislation was that it sought to “criminalize future conduct.” He added that the prosecution was relying on circumstantial evidence to reach conclusions on future matters and that doing so “strains every sinew of the criminal law.” 为杨怡生辩护的律师克莱兰说，新立法的不同寻常之处在于它试图“将未来的行为定为犯罪”。他还表示，检方依靠间接证据来就未来的问题得出结论，这样做“把刑法用到了极致”。 The nature of the evidence needed to prove intent is one of the questions at the heart of the case, said Ms. Kendall, the researcher. Ultimately, she said, “it comes down to what the jury or judge would believe about the person’s intentions.” 法律学者肯德尔表示，本案的核心问题之一是证明意图所需的证据的性质。她说，最终，“这取决于陪审团或法官对当事人意图的看法。” Several cases in recent years have underscored concerns about Chinese government influence in Australia. An Australian politician resigned over accusations that he pushed China’s foreign policy interests after taking money from Chinese-born political donors; the government canceled the residency of a wealthy Chinese property donor with ties to the Chinese government; and authorities raided the home and office of a state lawmaker as part of a foreign interference investigation. 近年来的几起案件凸显了人们对中国政府在澳大利亚影响力的担忧。一名澳大利亚政客被指控在从华裔政治捐助者那里拿钱后推动中国的外交政策利益而辞职；政府取消了与中国政府有联系的一位中国富商捐赠者的永久居留权；作为反外国干涉调查的一部分，当局突击搜查了一名州议员的住所和办公室。 Yan Zhuang是时报澳大利亚分社记者，常驻墨尔本。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@yanzhuang25。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。 相关报道澳大利亚通过反对外国干预法案2018年6月29日 接受华人公司资助，澳洲议员道歉2016年9月7日 中国与澳大利亚谨慎改善双边关系2022年6月27日 澳大利亚强硬对抗中国的代价2021年9月28日 最受欢迎佩洛西不该在此时访问台湾 中国成功制造7纳米芯片，这意味着什么 拜登与习近平通话逾两小时，台湾问题成焦点 内忧外患之际，习近平会和拜登谈些什么？ 危机时期，民主制度与专制制度孰优孰劣？ 赞扬讲话、表达忠诚，香港官场掀起“学习习近平”热 澳洲反外国干预法第一案：华裔男子被控意图影响对华政策 中国如何处理外债问题影响深远 王小波与《黄金时代》：极权下的欲望、伤逝和反抗 佩洛西访台计划加剧拜登政府对台海问题担忧 国际 中国 商业与经济 镜头 科技 科学 健康 教育 文化 风尚 旅游 房地产 观点与评论 免费下载 纽约时报中文网 iOS 和 Android App 点击下载iOS App点击下载Android App点击下载Android APK © 2022 The New York Times Company.