习近平香港行：胜利宣言、权力展示和警告Xi Tells a Muted Hong Kong That Political Power Is for Patriots王霜舟, 王月眉2022年7月2日 周五，习近平在香港新一届政府宣誓就职后发表了讲话。“当前，香港正处在从由乱到治走向由治及兴的新阶段，”他说。 POOL PHOTO BY SELIM CHTAYTIHONG KONG — Under swarms of security, beneath clouds threatening rain, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, marked the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China with a showcase of just how thoroughly he had transformed and subdued this once-freewheeling city. 香港——在重重安保的包围之中，在山雨欲来的云层之下，在香港回归中国25周年之际，中国领导人习近平展示了自己如何彻底改变并征服了这座曾经自由自在的城市。 The police goose-stepped in Chinese military fashion at a flag-raising ceremony and showed off new mainland-made armored vehicles. The city’s streets were empty of the protesters who traditionally gathered by the thousands each July 1. And Mr. Xi delivered a stern admonition that the open dissent and pro-democracy activism that had roiled — and, in many ways, defined — the city in recent years are things of the past. 在升旗仪式上，警队以中国军队的方式踢着正步，并展示了大陆制造的新型装甲车。城市街道上再也看不见以往总在7月1日这一天聚集的成千上万抗议者。习近平严厉警告称，近年来扰乱了——且在很多方面定义了——香港的公开异议和民主活动已经成为过去式。 “Political power must be in the hands of patriots,” he said, after swearing in a new leader for the city, a former policeman who led the crackdown on huge anti-government protests in 2019. “There is no country or region in the world that would allow unpatriotic or even treasonous or traitorous forces and people to take power.” “政权必须掌握在爱国者手中，”他在监誓李家超宣誓就任香港行政长官后表示。警察出身的李家超在2019年领导了对大规模反政府抗议活动的镇压。“世界上没有一个国家、一个地区的人民会允许不爱国甚至卖国、叛国的势力和人物掌握政权。” The day’s ceremonies would have been momentous in any case, marking the halfway point in the 50 years that China promised Hong Kong would remain unchanged after the end of British colonial rule. But they took on special significance as the first time that Mr. Xi had visited the city since the furious, at times violent protests of 2019, and since he launched a sweeping and successful assault on civil liberties in response. In the last three years, the authorities have arrested thousands of protesters and activists, imposed a national security law criminalizing virtually all dissent, and barred government critics from running in elections. 不管怎样，这一天的仪式都具有重大意义，因为它标志着中国承诺香港在英国殖民统治结束后保持不变的50年已经过半。但这些仪式仍被蒙上了一层特殊含义，因为这是自2019年那些激愤、有时甚至暴力的抗议活动之后，习近平首次访问这座城市。他做出的回应是，对这座城市的公民自由发起全面而成功的打击。过去三年间，当局逮捕了数以千计的抗议者和活动人士，实施了一项国家安全法，将几乎所有异见定性为犯罪，并禁止政府批评人士参加选举。 The anniversary also coincided with one of the most fraught geopolitical moments China has faced in recent history. Its relations with Western democracies have become badly frayed, including over its treatment of Hong Kong and friendly relationship with Russia. And tensions over Taiwan, which China claims as its territory, are escalating. 此次回归周年纪念也恰逢近年来中国地缘政治最为紧张的时刻之一。由于对香港的镇压以及与俄罗斯的友好关系，中国与西方民主国家的关系严重恶化。而在中国宣称拥有主权的台湾，紧张局势也在不断升级。 特警守卫在习近平出席新政府就职典礼的香港会展中心外。 HARRY LONG/ASSOCIATED PRESSMr. Xi is only months away from an important Communist Party congress, when he is expected to claim an unprecedented third term and cement his status as China’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong. 距离对习近平而言十分关键的二十大召开仅剩几个月，届时他有望获得史无前例的第三个任期，并巩固他作为毛泽东之后中国最具权势领导人的地位。 In that sense, Mr. Xi’s visit was at once a declaration of victory over the opposition in Hong Kong, an assertion of power to viewers at home, and a warning to his critics abroad. 从这个意义上说，习近平的访问既是对香港反对派的胜利宣言，也是在向大陆民众宣示权力，同时还是对海外批评人士的一次警告。 “The case of Hong Kong makes clear that challenges and subversions of China’s core national interests inevitably will meet with serious counterattacks, and ultimately will fail,” Tian Feilong, an assistant professor of law at Beihang University in Beijing, and a prominent hawkish voice on the central government’s Hong Kong policy. “香港案例说明，在中国国家核心利益上挑战和颠覆必然遭受严正反击，陷于失败境地，”北京航空航天大学副教授田飞龙表示，在中央政府对港政策上，他是著名的强硬派。 Mr. Xi has taken a far harder line on Hong Kong than his predecessors had done. Hong Kong had long been home to vibrant civil society and protests — many directly critical of the Chinese government — but during Mr. Xi’s last visit, on the 20th anniversary of the handover in 2017, he for the first time laid out a “red line.” Any perceived threat to the central government’s sovereignty would “never be permitted,” he said. 与历届前任相比，习近平对香港的立场要强硬得多。香港长期以来都拥有充满活力的公民社会，抗议活动频发，其中许多都在直接批评中国政府。但在习近平上次访问——也就是2017年香港主权移交的20周年纪念日——之时，他首次为这里划下“红线”。他表示，任何危害中央政府主权的活动“都是绝不能允许的”。 The 2017 speech alarmed some local scholars and pro-democracy activists, who worried Mr. Xi was telegraphing an end to the “one country, two systems” arrangement negotiated by Britain and China to guarantee Hong Kong liberties impossible in the rest of the country. But at the time, those liberties still appeared mostly intact. Immediately after Mr. Xi’s speech, thousands of protesters gathered for an annual march demanding greater democracy. 2017年的那次讲话让一些本地学者和民主活动人士担忧，习近平是在发出终结“一国两制”的信号——也就是英国和中国谈判达成的安排，目的是确保香港能够享受在中国其他地方不可能存在的自由权利。但在当时，这些自由权利似乎还基本完好无损。在习近平发表讲话之后，成千上万的抗议者立即举行了一年一度的游行，要求扩大民主。 Today, that Hong Kong has disappeared almost entirely — largely because Mr. Xi followed through on his warning. After the 2019 protests, which presented the greatest challenge to Chinese Communist Party rule in decades, Beijing responded by enacting the national security law. It has led to virtually all the leaders of the opposition being arrested or going into exile. Protests are nonexistent. Rewritten textbooks emphasize patriotism. 如今，彼时的香港几乎彻底消失了，很大一部分原因在于，习近平把他的警告变成了现实。2019年的抗议活动给中共的统治造成了数十年来最为重大的挑战，那之后，北京的对策是颁布国安法。该法案导致几乎所有反对派领袖要么被捕，要么流亡。抗议活动不复存在。重写的教科书开始强调爱国主义。 2021年，西九龙裁判法院外的一名警务人员举着警告横幅。 LAM YIK FEI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMESThe importance, and success, of that campaign was a central theme of Mr. Xi’s speech on Friday. No longer did Mr. Xi need to dissuade Hong Kongers from dissent, which had been so thoroughly stamped out. Instead, he laid out a vision for an improved future, in which the Hong Kong people got rich, kindled their love of Chinese identity and fueled China’s global rise. 这一系列运动的重要意义和成果是习近平周五讲话的主旋律。习近平已不再需要劝说香港人放弃异见，因为异见已经被彻底压制。相反，他描绘了更美好的未来愿景，让香港人变得更加富有，点燃他们对中国人身份认同的热爱，并推动中国在全球的崛起。 “At this moment, Hong Kong is entering a new stage — moving from the transition from chaos to governance, toward the transition from governance to prosperity,” Mr. Xi told a crowd of carefully vetted officials. “当前，香港正处在从由乱到治走向由治及兴的新阶段，”习近平对着一群经过了仔细审查的官员们表示。 The renewed focus on Chinese identity and prosperity was also reflected in Mr. Xi’s itinerary. In 2017, he visited the People’s Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong, reviewing the troops from the back of an open-topped jeep, in what some saw as an unspoken threat of military force. This year, he went to a science park, where he discussed research into artificial intelligence, robotics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. His wife, Peng Liyuan, went to a performing center for Cantonese opera, where she watched local troupes rehearse, emphasizing Chinese culture in a city where many have resisted China’s embrace. 对中国人身份认同和繁荣富裕的重新关注也反映在了习近平的行程之中。2017年，他访问了中国人民解放军驻港部队，坐在一辆敞篷吉普车后座检阅了士兵，在一些人看来，这是一种不言而喻的武力威慑。今年，他考察了一处科学园，讨论了对人工智能、机器人技术和神经退行性疾病治疗的研究。他的妻子彭丽媛参观了一处粤剧戏曲中心，观看了当地剧团的排练，在一座许多人拒绝接纳中国的城市强调中国文化。 While Mr. Xi did visit the headquarters of the Chinese military this year, it was a brief stop before leaving town, without the fanfare of five years ago. 虽然习近平今年的确也视察了驻港部队总部，但只是在离港之前短暂现身，并不像五年前那样大张旗鼓。 2017年，习近平上一次访问香港期间，他对人民解放军的视察被当时一些人视为不言而喻的武力威胁。VINCENT YU/ASSOCIATED PRESSBy emphasizing Hong Kong’s economic potential, Mr. Xi was revisiting a frequent central government claim that Hong Kongers’ anger in recent years was rooted not in politics, particularly the desire for democracy, but rather in socioeconomic causes. In his speech, he effectively extended to Hong Kongers the tacit political bargain that undergirds the Communist Party’s power in the mainland: total political control by the party, in exchange for economic prosperity for the people. 强调香港的经济发展潜力意味着习近平重申了中央政府的常用说法，即香港人近年来的愤怒根源不在政治，更不在对民主的渴望，而是社会经济原因引起的。他在讲话中实际上对香港人提出了心照不宣的政治交易，与中共在大陆巩固权力的办法如出一辙：让党来全面掌控政局，以换取人民的经济繁荣。 “What Hong Kongers want most is the hope of a better life, a more spacious home, more business opportunities, better education for their children and better care in their old age,” he said. “香港最大的民心，就是盼望生活变得更好，盼望房子住得更宽敞一些、创业的机会更多一些、孩子的教育更好一些、年纪大了得到的照顾更好一些，”他说。 Around the city on Friday, some residents did say the economy was their primary concern. “I don’t mind the handover either way, as long as I get my mouth fed,” said Candy Leung, 62, who runs an outdoor eatery serving noodle soups and egg toast. “Only some people have a bit extreme thoughts about the government.” 确实有一些香港居民周五表示，经济是他们最关心的问题。“只要能吃饱饭，我不管谁和谁交接，”62岁的坎迪·梁（音）表示，她经营着一家供应汤面和鸡蛋吐司的大排档。“只是有些人对政府的想法有点极端。” As she spoke, a line of six police officers carrying shields and walkie-talkies filed past. 在她受访时，六名警察手持盾牌和对讲机列队走过。 But just because the heavily policed streets were empty of protests did not mean that political discontent did not exist. 然而，警备森严的街道上没有抗议并不意味着政治上的不满已经消散。 周五，在香港观看飞行表演的民众，这是纪念25年前英国将香港主权移交中国的部分活动。 LOUISE DELMOTTE/GETTY IMAGESAt least one long-established activist group, the League of Social Democrats, had planned to hold a small protest on Friday — group gatherings are still limited by coronavirus restrictions — but announced this week that they would cancel it, after warnings from the police. 至少有一家创办多年的活动组织——社会民主连线——计划在周五进行小规模抗议——出于新冠疫情管制，集会规模仍然受限。但在收到警方警告后，他们在本周宣布取消活动。 Tens of thousands of Hong Kongers have emigrated since the security law was enacted. Ted Hui, a former opposition lawmaker who fled abroad while facing several criminal charges for protesting, said the security restrictions on Mr. Xi’s trip meant he gained little understanding of what the city’s residents think. 自国安法颁布以来，已有数以万计的香港人移居海外。因抗议活动而面临多项刑事指控、现已逃至国外的前反对派议员许智峰表示，习近平此行的安保限制意味着他难以了解香港居民的所思所想。 “He doesn’t see the general public at all,” said Mr. Hui, who now lives in Australia. “What’s promoted as prosperous and glamorous is only on the surface. Below the surface there is anger spreading among the population.” “他根本看不见普通民众，”现居澳大利亚的许智峰说道。“所谓的繁荣和昌盛只是表象而已。表象之下，民愤仍在蔓延。” Hours after Mr. Xi delivered his speech, he was back on the train, leaving Hong Kong as a tropical storm neared, dumping rain on the city. He came to mark a victory, but his quick departure left questions about its certainty, said Steve Tsang, director of the SOAS China Institute in London. 在发表讲话几个小时后，习近平已经坐上了返程的列车，离开了热带风暴逼近、暴雨倾盆的香港。伦敦大学亚非学院中国研究院院长曾锐生表示，他是来收获胜利成果的，但如此迅速离开，让人对这种胜利的确定性产生了疑问。 “Basically he sees Hong Kong as rebel territory, where you can claim victory but are not quite sure victory is complete,” he said. “It sounds like George Bush on that aircraft carrier claiming ‘Mission Accomplished.’” “他基本将香港视为叛乱之地，他可以在这里宣布胜利，但却不太确定这胜利是否彻底，”他说。“听起来就和在航母上宣布‘任务完成’的乔治·布什一样。” 周五的香港海滨，当地已发出台风警告。 PAUL YEUNG/REUTERS 王霜舟(Austin Ramzy)是《纽约时报》驻香港记者，专注本地新闻，也报道区域性和突发新闻。他此前驻台湾和北京，曾对亚洲重大事件作出报道。欢迎在Twitter上关注他： @austinramzy。 王月眉(Vivian Wang)是《纽约时报》驻华记者，此前曾为城市版报道纽约州政治。她在芝加哥长大，毕业于耶鲁大学。欢迎在Twitter上关注她：@vwang3。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。 相关报道习近平访港，称香港“浴火重生”2022年7月1日 习近平：“政权必须掌握在爱国者手中”2022年7月1日 在皇后大道，见证香港的变化和重塑2022年7月1日 习近平五年前访港已为香港未来定下基调2022年7月1日 最受欢迎习近平访港庆祝主权移交25周年，称香港“浴火重生” “香港的一切都变了”：在皇后大道，见证变化和重塑 习近平彭丽媛访港首日各有活动，参观地点透露何种信号 习近平在香港发表讲话：“政权必须掌握在爱国者手中” 习近平五年前访港已为香港未来定下基调 一场以习近平为主角的中国领导人接班大戏 李家超宣誓就任香港新特首 习近平香港行：胜利宣言、权力展示和警告 无力感、脆弱和创伤：封锁给上海民众留下的心理伤痕 北约勾勒强硬战略愿景，首次宣布中国为“战略挑战” 国际 中国 商业与经济 镜头 科技 科学 健康 教育 文化 风尚 旅游 房地产 观点与评论 免费下载 纽约时报中文网 iOS 和 Android App 点击下载iOS App点击下载Android App点击下载Android APK © 2022 The New York Times Company.